Greetings, how are you steemit friends? May be healthy always and keep the spirit. In the previous discussion I discussed "You Like Spicy Food?" But on this occasion I will discuss about pepper plants.

https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1508780762/hahemnfuudbqj5cj4q9c.jpg _{This is the development of pepper cultivated in Gunci Village, Sawang, North Aceh. This plant will be harvested to produce black and white pepper. Photo taken by @azirgraff}

Pepper *(Piper nigrum L.)* and chilli *(Capsicum annum L)* is the usual ingredient in our kitchen for seasoning, which aims to increase the spicy taste in cooking. Both types of plants are not much different because both are spicy. However, the difference is the aroma and great benefits to health. Pepper (*Piper nigrum L.*) is a type of spice that is rich in chemical content such as pepper oil, fatty oil. Pepper is a spice plant that has long been planted in Indonesia, even the most important among other spices (king of spices), both in terms of its role in terms of utility is very distinctive and can not be replaced with other herbs. *** ## Classification of Pepper Crop

https://res.cloudinary.com/hpiynhbhq/image/upload/v1508771050/atwpskavo7bz7oxbu3y6.jpg Source *** Pepper plant have long been planted in Aceh particular and Indonesia on general. The area that are widely developed varieties of pepper are Jambi, Lampung, Bulok Belantung, Muntok or Bangka and Aceh. In general, the minimum requirement of pepper plant grows : Elevation (elevation) ranges from 10-500 m asl, Rainfall above 2000 mm/year, Temperature range between 25º-26,5º C and ground water level is relatively deep (groundwater 0, 5 M underground) wherea for peat soil is not tolerated by pepper plants. Economically, pepper crop is one of the world's trade commodity and more than 80% of Indonesian pepper products exported abroad. Indonesia was once the second largest producer of pepper in the world and in fulfilling the needs of pepper in the international market. In 2013 Indonesia's pepper production reaches 88.7 thousand tons or has purchasing power of 18.8 percent in the world market. > Head of Trade Research and Development Agency of the Ministry Trade Tjahja Widayanti, Sunday, 13 November 2016. "The largest pepper area in Indonesia is 178 thousand hectares. The problem is, pepper productivity in Indonesia is only 0.5 ton per hectare. "The productivity is low because Indonesia has the largest pepper field in the world," said Head of Trade Research and Development Agency of the Ministry Trade *Tjahja Widayanti*, Sunday, November 13, 2016. source. In addition to Indonesia, the world's largest producer of pepper which has a high level of land productivity, including Vietnam 3.2 tons per hectare, Rwanda 3.9 tons per hectare., Thailand 3.4 tons per hectare, Malaysia 2.5 tons per hectare , and Brazil 2.3 tons per hectare. >According to the International Pepper Community (IPC), this year's pepper production is expected to decrease by 1.75 percent from last year's realization to 403,213 tons, and about 87.22 percent of which or 351,710 tons came from IPC member countries. In 2017, production is projected to improve to reach 425,100 tons. source. Looking at historical developments. Pepper including one type of plant that has long been cultivated even the results have also long traded in Europe. Finally, pepper trade in Indonesia is well known throughout the world. The pepper marketed to Europe was brought by traders through the trade of Persia and Arabia, Middle East and Egypt. It can be proven that since 372 BC, the Greeks had known two types of pepper, black pepper and long pepper or chilli. In the year 1290 there was also a pepper trade relation between Aceh and China. In the Middle Ages, pepper (spices) was a very important and valuable trading king back then. The even for kingdom of Genua and Venice, pepper became a source of wealth such as oil wealth in Indonesia. Even in Germany pepper is used as an exchange rate. >The pepper trade rate of Indonesia is even more rapid, after Colombus in 1492 could find West India, in the Eastern Islands with its many spices. Dana was followed by Vasco da Gama who found a new road, through the tip of Africa in 1498 *(Anonymous, 1980)*. source

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Characteristic of Pepper Plant

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_{Pepper plant ready for harvest, this plant is cultivated in Gunci Village, Sawang, North Aceh.. Photo taken by @azirgraff} A. Stem of Pepper The stem of pepper plant is also called stolon stem is stem with upright growth of the stem and the stem on this plant also branched and crawling. The pepper shaped rod is soft and segmented, the length of the raw segment ranges from 4-7 cm, this depend on level of fertility the plant. Stem of pepper plants grow propagate on a pole, the length of stem can reach 15 meters. But in pepper cultivation usually stem cut. B. Roots of pepper The root of pepper plant are divided into two ie roots located on the ground and roots contained in the soil - Roots contained above ground is the root attached or root climb so that plants can be attached and can grow upward. These sticky root only grow on orthotropic trunk books, whereas in the branches berries will not grow root attached. - The root contained in the soil is the main root. This root in addition to growing in his book also grows on stem pieces. The root grows at the base of stem, so that in a stem there may be 10-20 main roots. At the root will grow root side with a lot of roots hair. Root feathers can grow on the soil surface and are useful for sucking required food. If soil conditions allow, then roots will be able to penetrate the soil as deep as 12 m. While the length of roots can reach 2-4 m. But in general root system of pepper is quite shallow, only reaching depth between 30-60 cm only.

C. Branch of Pepper This plant has two kinds of branches, namely branches orthotrop branch that grows from the axillary of the leave on the book stem either located on surface or in the ground and branches of pang plagiatrop is a branch that grows from the book limb. The orthotrophic branches are rounded, the buds far apart and the growth is climbing upward. This branchs is the same as the primary stem. Because they are also deeply rooted, climbed and segmented. In each book there is a leaf facing the plagiotrop branch and a lump of attached root that binds the plant to its *tajar*. Plagiotrop (twig) branches are numerous and short, rather small and not attached to the 'tajar' because each one the book is not rooted in it. Each book grows a leaf face to face, and this is where the flower grow. D. Leaves of Pepper The pepper plant is single-leaved but unpaired, the situation is chewy, and stemmed. The shape is ovate, but the tips a bud. The leaves of the upper hemisphere are dark green, shiny, while the lower hemisphere is pale green and not shiny. Stalk length 2-4 cm, leaf length 12- 18 cm, and 5-10 cm wide and sajiansedap.grid.id5 -9-grained leaves. The leaves on the top stem are different from leaves on the bottom, the top is longer, the lower part is more rounded. buds Leaf pepper wrapped by petals. When the leaf will expand, then fall petals or scale. E. Pepper seeds The fruit of pepper plant is round, hard seed and soft fruit. The young fruit skin is green, while the old is yellow and when the fruit is ripe red, slimy and a sweet taste. After dry the pepper is black. Large skin and seed 4-6 mm, while large seeds 3-4 mm. *** ##

Types of Pepper Plant

Pepper *(Piper nigrum L.)* or commonly known as marica has an outer skin that serves to maintain the freshness of taste and aroma. In everyday life there are two types of pepper that are an important ingredient for the needs of a famous kitchen, ie namely white pepper and black pepper. all types of this pepper come from the same tree *(Piper Nigrum)*. Only, the type of pepper is very varied because picked at different times. The types of pepper are as follows :

- White Pepper

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White pepper is a kind of mature pepper and the outer skin is gone peeled. How to remove the outer skin by soaking it with water for a few days, then rubbing the outer skin until it is completely peeled off. The smell of white pepper is very simple and the spicy taste is not sharp. Generally this type of pepper is used to make sauces, soups, potatoes, and drinks. The most popular white pepper in Northern Europe.

- Black Pepper

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The most famous black pepper and widely used in the United States even this type of pepper is generally in use in Indonesia. Black pepper is made from ripe pepper but not too ripe, ie green pepper which has begun to turn yellow. The process of black pepper, after picking the fruit boiled briefly, then fermented and dried naturally in the sun (or by warming with hot air) until the wrinkles and blackened. Black pepper has a hot, spicy, and aromatic taste. In Egypt, this pepper is commonly used to help the mummy preservation process.

- Red Pepper or Rose

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This pepper is not really pepper, but a raw berries coming from a pepper tree in Brazil. This pepper tree is found in California, Arizona, Florida and Texas. In trade, this pepper can be referred to as red pepper. Pepper pepper is commonly used in Nouveau dishes or as a mixture with other herbs. It tastes the same as black pepper, but it's softer and more sour, with a little sweetness.

- Green Pepper

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Pepper is a pepper that is picked long before the pepper is ripe, so it has a green outer skin tone. The flavor is fresh and very aromatic, but not spicy. Green pepper is usually used for French food, Creole and some Thai dishes. Because the process of preserving this pepper is longer and the amount is less and pepper is expensive.

- Szechuan Pepper

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Actually this is not really pepper, but berries from Prickly Ash trees in China. This pepper is grown and consumed in Asia, and is an important component in Chinese and Japanese cuisine. This pepper is very aromatic, and our lips will be a bit numb if we taste it directly. Szechuan pepper is often baked before it is crushed. It fits perfectly with fish, chicken and duck, or hot spicy dishes. *** ## Benefits of Pepper

pepper *(Piper nigrum L.)* in addition to need for cooking spices, pepper also has a natural content that is very beneficial for health. You can use this pepper or pepper to help smooth your weight loss process. In addition, on the world of health, this pepper is widely used for medicine and other needs. In general the authors will introduce the benefits of pepper for health as follows: - Helps lose weight, - Arthritis, Cancer, - Headache, - Nasal congestion, - Stomach ache, - High blood pressure, - Heart, - Anti oxidants, - Headache, - Treating cough, - tooth ache, - Prevents flatulence and etc. *** ###

Conclusion

Pepper (*Piper nigrum L.*) is a type of spice that is rich in chemical content such as pepper oil, fatty oil. Pepper is a spice plant that has long been planted in Indonesia, even the most important among other spices, both in terms of its role in terms of utility is very distinctive and can not be replaced with other herbs. Pepper is one type of spice that has many health benefits for the body. Even from the past to the present, pepper is still the concern of the international medical world for its health benefits. Luckily for Indonesia which has become the largest white pepper production area. This is all I can discuss today and thank you to all friends who have visited my blog, if there are any shortcoming and different view I apologize. Hopefully this discussion will be useful for all of us. *** ###

Farmer Life !!! *** Source id.wikipedia.org repository.usu.ac.id id.wikipedia.org matematikacerdas.wordpress.com rumahmesin.com sajiansedap.grid.id manfaatcantiksehat.com *** Do you love science? by respecting the work of others and not plagiarism then you are welcome to join steemSTEM by using @science tags, you can also chat with us in steemit chat/steemSTEM channel. https://i.imgur.com/WhYkkh9.gif

Bast Regards @azirgraff