Since I wrote this post in 2009 there's been a load of happenings: Doha '12, there's been Paris in '15, and most recently Nov '17 in Bonn. Lots of them, lots of meetings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change And there's been warming... And there's been sea levels rising... There's also the grand documentary An Inconvenient Sequel - Truth to Power from 28 July 2017. Miami is regularly flooded now with sea water - the city plans to spend half a billion now and the near future to hold back the tide... How will it go? http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/miami-beach/article129284119.html So reviewing my post from 2009 I can see time has confirmed what I wrote back then. It's not good. You'll still need a boat. Even with highly educated folk still saying things like "Nobody expected the ice sheet to lose so much mass so quickly," http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/02/great-greenland-meltdown Well that's just not true... the guys who made the study I reviewed knew something. That's why they wrote the way they did. So let's get back to it. Back to the future. When I was watching "An Inconvenient Truth" by Al Gore again in 2009 I was reminded of the large amount of doubt and misinformation wandering about the world on the topic of global warming. Like a frightened rabbit, the lights of the oncoming truck have frozen the collective we to the armchairs and to inactivity. Al Gore put it very well: out of a study of 928 scientific journals over a 10 year period all 100% documents concurred that man was causing climate change, principally from CO2 emissions. In the face of this evidence, the objective of a small, well funded group was to "Reposition Global Warming As Theory rather than Fact" (from a leaked internal document). Are they succeeding? Simply, Yes. A public survey of popularist non-scientific articles (636 over 14 years) showed that a massive 53% throw doubt on whether global warming is an issue or not. Has anything changed in the 3 or so years since that film? It appears not. Has it changed in 11 years - public opinion does not. It's gotten worse: the USA wants to burn more coal - to "save jobs". lol. India's Adani Group wants to carve through the Great Bleached Barrier Reef to carry black gold to burn in their highly inefficient coal burning power stations - because they claim it's their right to do what the developed countries did 150 years ago - pollute the atmosphere. Really? Is this the same rubbish excuse that Brazil uses to clear an area of the Amazon greater than the size of London each week? (and release the equivalent of London's 37 years of CO2 into the atmosphere in that same 7 day period?) http://www.climatechangenews.com/2017/08/28/coal-power-india-decades-come-says-government-planning-body/ We are insane. I wondered what was happening with the melt rates on Greenland in recent years, since the film. A quick search of the web revealed that the highest rate ever recorded was in 2007. Higher again in 2016... Back then I came across this article dated 27th May 2009. Here's an excerpt: http://www.ucar.edu/news/releases/2009/sealevel.jsp

…To assess the impact of Greenland ice melt on ocean circulation, Hu and his coauthors used the Community Climate System Model, an NCAR-based computer model that simulates global climate. They considered three scenarios: the melt rate continuing to increase by 7 percent per year, as has been the case in recent years, or the melt rate slowing down to an increase of either 1 or 3 percent per year. If Greenland's melt rate slows down to a 3 percent annual increase, the study team's computer simulations indicate that the runoff from its ice sheet could alter ocean circulation in a way that would direct about a foot of water toward the northeast coast of North America by 2100. This would be on top of the average global sea level rise expected as a result of global warming. Although the study team did not try to estimate that mean global sea level rise, their simulations indicated that melt from Greenland alone under the 3 percent scenario could raise worldwide sea levels by an average of 21 inches (54 cm). If the annual increase in the melt rate dropped to 1 percent, the runoff would not raise northeastern sea levels by more than the 8 inches (20 cm) found in the earlier study in Nature Geoscience. But if the melt rate continued at its present 7 percent increase per year through 2050 and then leveled off, the study suggests that the northeast coast could see as much as 20 inches (50 cm) of sea level rise above a global average that could be several feet. However, Hu cautioned that other modeling studies have indicated that the 7 percent scenario is unlikely. In addition to sea level rise, Hu and his co-authors found that if the Greenland melt rate were to defy expectations and continue its 7 percent increase, this would drain enough fresh water into the North Atlantic to weaken the oceanic circulation that pumps warm water to the Arctic. Ironically, this weakening of the meridional overturning circulation would help the Arctic avoid some of the impacts of global warming and lead to at least the temporary recovery of Arctic sea ice by the end of the century.

This is a confusing article. It starts with an ice melt rate of 7% per year - a measured rate, but shifts to discuss melt rates of 3 and 1% which are assumed and in the future (2050 and 2100). Why is this? Confused? Wondering what the point is? 7%, 3% 1%, levelling off? Meridional shifts?? Reference to the recent melt increase rate of 7% per year is obfuscated in the article. The key observation is: melt rates in Greenland have been increasing at 7% per year. Why the focus on less alarmist scenarios of 3% and 1%?? Less alarming I assume! The assumption is that by 2050 the melt rate "levels out". This doesn't make sense. The earth is warming? Why would melting ice slow down? Wouldn't it actually get faster?? Aren’t CO2 levels at all time high?? They aren’t decreasing and there is no expectation of them to reduce to below pre 1900 levels for many 100’s of years. So why would the melt rate reduce from 7%. One would expect it to increase!! Let's look at some facts a little more clearly. In 2006 the estimated ice melt rate was 239 cubic kilometres per year. In 2007 the ice melt rate was 592 cubic kilometres per year. There are 2.85 million cubic kilometers of ice in total in Greenland The 7% increase per year was determined by looking at the change in earths gravity. With an opening comment like this one: "In the past, the Greenland ice sheet has grown when its surroundings cooled, shrunk when its surroundings warmed and even disappeared completely when the temperatures became warm enough." ; it kind of says, "ho-hum, what's the problem. This stuff happens all the time". Well there's no problem really. Just a few extra meters of sea level, no fresh water in central Asia and extreme arid conditions in what are presently bread bowls of the world, and freezing winters in New York as the polar winds jet unopposed southwards. Not much when you look at it after all. These extremes do happen, but the natural cycles are every 10,000 years or so. Plants and animals (including us) can adapt over that time frame. But over a decade or three? They - and we - cannot. Al Gore portrayed the equivalence of humans very well with the image of the frog in the warming water... Unfortunately I don't expect any helping hand to come from the sky to pull us from the rising, warming waters. We'll just have our equivalent "boiling alive" - mass migration to higher lands. Major uprooting of cities, food production, transport, everything. Major climate change is here to stay. CO2 levels, like that of CFCs are at highest levels ever recorded or measured in the last 650,000 years. Melt rates are measured to be increasing at 7% per year. And with the Antarctic showing evidence of beginning the melt process as well. Buy a boat! On a less alarmist note, I created my own “climate change model” to predict sea levels dependant solely on melt rates from Greenland. I assumed all ice cap melt water goes into the sea, and I assumed no make up from snow. Being an exponential relationship, nothing really happens until towards the end, which is kind of the scary thought – lots of nothing for many years, and then relatively quickly meters of water in only a handful of years. In the early years it’s all nice and small incremental change, but as rates increase faster and faster the power of compounding kicks in. In less than 39 years, sea levels rise by 7.2 meters. I've ignored the very high increase in melt rates from 2006 (195 cubic km per year) to 2007 (592 cubic km per year). (That's a 200% increase, not 7%). If one uses that exponential relationship, then Greenland ice cap and the sea levels will rise by 7.2 meters by 2021 – only 11 years away. I’ll be keeping an eye on what the melt rates are doing in Greenland! Here’s the results:

Assumptions
2,850,000	Current Total Greenland Ice Mass (cubic kilometres)
195	2006 melt rate (cubic kilometres per year)
7.2	meters of sea level rise if entire Greenland ice mass melted
0.50	2006 Sea level rise per year from current Greenland Melt (mm)
7.0%	Increase in annual melt rate
5.0%	Acceleration of Increase of melt rate

Year	Melt Rate Increase	Melt Rate Year Start	Melt Rate Year End	Total Ice Mass Each Year	Annual Sea Level Rise (mm)	Total Sea Level Rise (cm)
2006	7.00%	195	209	2,850,000	0.51	0.05
2007	7.35%	209	224	2,849,784	0.55	0.11
2008	7.72%	224	241	2,849,551	0.59	0.16
2009	8.10%	241	261	2,849,300	0.63	0.23
2010	8.51%	261	283	2,849,028	0.69	0.30
2011	8.93%	283	308	2,848,732	0.75	0.37
2012	9.38%	308	337	2,848,410	0.82	0.45
2013	9.85%	337	370	2,848,056	0.89	0.54
2014	10.34%	370	409	2,847,666	0.98	0.64
2015	10.86%	409	453	2,847,235	1.09	0.75
2030	22.58%	3,585	4,394	2,824,056	10.08	6.61
2035	28.81%	10,912	14,056	2,783,133	31.54	16.94
2040	36.77%	43,438	59,412	2,628,357	129.92	56.05
2041	38.61%	59,412	82,352	2,557,475	179.07	73.95
2042	40.54%	82,352	115,740	2,458,429	250.22	98.97
2043	42.57%	115,740	165,010	2,318,054	354.63	134.44
2044	44.70%	165,010	238,767	2,116,166	510.03	185.44
2045	46.93%	238,767	350,828	1,821,368	744.75	259.92
2046	49.28%	350,828	523,715	1,384,097	1104.69	370.38
2047	51.74%	523,715	794,706	724,886	1665.37	536.92
2048	ALL ICE GONE FROM GREENLAND = SEA LEVEL RISE 7.2 METERS. MIAMI IS SKUNK

It all happens in the last few years – as the last of the ice slips off the land, and sea levels rise exponentially. This does not consider the West Antarctic ice sheet (another 7 meters of water if it melts). I’ve seen a few less informed - or rather paid well by others - parade the Global Cooling myth, but I think for little more than ego aggrandisement and their hip pocket. I like this succinct summary:

“This hypothesis never had significant scientific support, but gained temporary popular attention due to a combination of press reports that did not accurately reflect the scientific understanding of ice age cycles, and a slight downward trend of temperatures from the 1940s to the early 1970s” http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_cooling.

Then have a look at one of the most vocal proponents: Don Easterbrook. Just follow the money. Google will help you... Hey, I’m going to grab a nice book or three, find a nice place and watch what happens over the next 10 years. The last 10 have been a ripper for change across the planet. The next 10 will be a rip snorter!!

“The study also shows that seas now are rising by more than 3 millimetres a year — more than 50 percent faster than the average for the 20th century. Mernild and researchers from the United States, United Kingdom and Denmark discovered that annual precipitation decreased between 1995 and 2007. The ice sheet also shrank at a higher rate.”

Depending on the source, Albert Einstein referred to compound interest as the eighth wonder of the world, the human race's greatest invention, or the most powerful force of the universe. The sad fact is that for the next 30 years or so, the "measured" rate of increase will be small. It is only the last 5 years where the water level rises dramatically. Boiling the frog? Absolutely. That's what this is all about. There are solutions but that's not what this blog was about, now was it? Jeremiah Josey @ Linkedin MECi-Group.com ![world-cities-flood-map-1024-new.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZKLFPeKFmJ6QhEnRCy7uykpG5Xd6Le6Vvs6L1GcghHXk/world-cities-flood-map-1024-new.jpg) From National Geographic Another update from NASA - warm sea storms, 20 November 2016: NASA Report http://www.independent.co.uk/environment/climate-change-global-warming-greenland-ice-melting-rate-sea-levels-rise-a7147846.html