![GREEN JOBS.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQjTdFtFn9nNk5AmY51TjZ3Cxj9xvZJvTdtWmGu8HgPc8/GREEN%20JOBS.png) source[canvas](https://www.canva.com/design/DAFFFhejyKc/LBJEBtjApSpnk1Xe-YcQHg/edit?utm_content=DAFFFhejyKc&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link2&utm_source=sharebutton) ---- Hello friends, how are you all, hope all is well, today I am going to write my eighth post about my subject. Today in this post we discuss Powder Metallurgy of different processes in the manufacturing process. So let's start with the topic. ## Blending --- * Blending or mixing operation can be done either dry or wet. * For reducing the strength some of the materials like lubricants such as steric acids improve the characteristics and compressibility. * Binders produce the reverse effect of lubricants. Thermoplastics or water-soluble methyl cellulose binder is used. * Many of the binder products are not used as the final product. ### Compacting ---- ![dsa.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQme97M6ezZgfx8w77PExaha2FcnzQRGyviB2ULJ1hSJpQ3/dsa.jpeg) --- * Powder is pressed into a "green compact". * 40 to 1650 Mpa pressure (Depends on materials, and product complexity) * Still very porous, -70% density. * Maybe done cold or warm (higher density) ## Sintering ---- * Controlled atmosphere with no oxygen. * Heat to 0.75-degree temperature melt. * Particles mind together diffusion recrystallization and grain growth take place. * Part shrink in size. * Density will increase up to 95%. * Strength increases brittleness and porosity decreases. Toughness increases. # Cold Isostatic pressing (CIP) --- ![ds.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQqxjE8QYpfJzSJj2GHgseQNYwAXLrGDzRy7wHDp5eDPH/ds.jpeg) --- * The Powder is contained in a flexible mould made of rubber or some other customer materials. * The flexible mould is then pressurized using high-pressure water or oil. * No lubricant is needed. * Density achieved very high. ## Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) ---- Is carried out at a high temperature and pressure using a gas such as Argon. * The flexible mold is made of sheet metal. Due to high temperature. * Compaction and sintering are completed simultaneously. * Used in the production of Bill gates of superalloys, high-speed steels, titanium, ceramic, etc. Where the integrity of the material is a prime consideration. ## Production of Magnets * Half and half Fe, Al alloy used for magnetic parts. * Sintering temperature of Hydrogen is up to 600-650 degrees Celsius. * Sintering is usually done in wire coils. * Total Shrinkage is approximately 4-7%. ## Advantages * Good surface finish we get. * we made high complex shapes very easily and quickly. * Porosity can be controlled to some extent. * Can produce porous parts and hard-to-manufacture materials (for example cemented oxide). * Surface can have high wear resistance. * Automation is very easy. * Physical properties controlled. * Hard-to-machine metal can be used easily. * No molten metals and very low waste. * No need for any kind of finishing operation. * variation low. ## Disadvantages * If the metal powder is not used properly then it will be destroyed quickly. * set up costs are high. * It will be hard to produce a sharp corner. * Impossible to produce Non-moldable features. That's all about my today's session hope you like to read this subject. ##### Thank you