Introduction

Agriculture plays a very important role in meeting the two main objectives set by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2015): to eliminate hunger and poverty in the world. Therefore, Agriculture must be an activity that conserves the soil and improves the conditions of those that have already been degraded, as well as the vegetation systems and thus generate more arable land to meet the needs of human beings.

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In the agricultural environment, the main objective is to achieve high rates of yields per unit area worked, in order to meet the high demand for food, without being able to consider the sustainability of production by measuring the (technical feasibility, as well as its economic profitability and non-pollution).

The great successes achieved with this strategy have been very important, but it is considered as a very inefficient and very polluting agriculture, which has caused much loss of biodiversity, and for this reason has brought the decline of forest resources, soil erosion, climate change.

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Emerging technologies must be oriented to maintain the sustainability of the systems through the conscious and rational exploitation of natural resources and to be able to apply very adequate measures to preserve the environment. One of the most important requirements is to be able to maintain the necessary soil fertility. Traditionally, the deficit of nutrients, especially N, can be corrected by introducing the addition of fertilizers; however, due to the high costs, it is difficult to use them.

The increase of awareness about the care of the environment and the evidence of the environmental deterioration caused by agrochemicals should be done so that agricultural producers see the application of organic fertilizers as a good alternative, since at present they are used more than all those synthetic fertilizers, which brings as a consequence an adverse environmental impact.

In Venezuela, strategies have been implemented in recent years for the incorporation and acceptance by producers of sustainable agriculture, which does not endanger the natural resources involved in the production processes (soil, water, plants) and allows the production of healthy and abundant agricultural products, but above all, suitable for human consumption and with a friendlier marketing chain.

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In this sense, the Agricultural Animal Health Law of 2008 establishes that Agroecology is a science whose principles are based on ancestral knowledge of respect, conservation and preservation of all natural components of sustainable agroecosystems.

At present, agricultural production is mainly based on conventional agriculture (agrochemicals), where a large amount of synthetic products are used, which in the eyes of the producer increase the productivity of their crops significantly in the first years, however, it is known that such production is not sustainable over time, due to various factors that are altered by the incorporation and abuse of these products; The soil microorganisms are destroyed, causing deterioration and leaving them sterile, contaminating the groundwater and weakening the morpho-botanical development of the plants, due to the high toxicity of the products.

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Likewise, it has been proven that the application of organic fertilizers and biofertilizers act as growth biostimulants; they promote and benefit plant nutrition, acting at the same time as biological control agents, reducing undesirable microorganisms in the soil and favoring useful organisms for crops, thus increasing plant production and reducing agro-ecosystem degradation and reducing the loss of soil nutrients through leaching, especially nitrogen.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, it is essential that agriculture be an activity that can be carried out for many years, in a sustainable manner, that is, that does not deplete the natural resources on which it depends, that generates good yields and income for producers and thus obtain social and economic benefits, that produces quality food and that does not have negative effects on the environment.

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Bibliographic References:

1.- FAO(2015).World agriculture: towards 2015/2030. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/a-y3557s/y3557s11.htm.

2- SAI.(2008). Comprehensive Agricultural Health Law. Caracas- Venezuela.