Mars is the fourth planet in terms of distance from the sun. Mars is also called the red planet because of the iron oxide prevailing on its surface, which gives it the color of red, Mars has a thin layer of the atmosphere composed of carbon dioxide.

The Martian planet's thin, cold atmosphere means no liquid water can be found on Mars. Not long ago, Mars and the planet have almost the same space. Although the size of Mars does not exceed 15% of Earth's size, With water, the land area of the planets is almost equal

The planet Mars is about 6,800 km, and is the second smallest planet after Mercury. It is about equal to the Earth's radius. Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the sun, one and a half times the distance between earth and the sun.

Mars has the highest mountain and longest valley in the solar system, with the 27-kilometer Olympus Mons peak three times higher than Mount Everest, and the 4,500-kilometer-long valley of Mars, with the largest volcanoes in the solar system. Its diameter is about 600 km enough to cover an entire city.

Scientists believe that the atmosphere on Mars is similar to the atmosphere of the planet about 3.5 billion years ago, where the atmosphere was warm, but because of chemical reactions between carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere of Mars and the small size of Mars, the atmosphere of Mars is very thin and the temperature is very cold and what remains Water is either frozen water in the poles or hidden in deep underground springs.

The temperature on Mars reaches 20 degrees Celsius at noon at the equator in the summer at the poles the temperature to -153 degrees Celsius This climate is very difficult for humans to live in It also causes some problems for electronics and mechanical parts on the surface of Mars.

Sometimes the winds are strong on the surface of Mars enough to create dust storms covering a large part of the planet and may continue to storm for several months before the dust settles and the wind speed in 1970 was about 60 miles per hour.

On the surface of Mars, the Sun is half the space on Earth, and Mars has two known satellites, Phobos and Demos.

The center of Mars is mainly composed of iron and nickel with about 16-17% of the sulfur. Mars crust thickness is about 50 km.

Mars soil is fairly alkaline according to data sent from the Phoenix space probe and contains substances such as sodium, chlorine, magnesium and potassium. These substances are present in soil soils and are essential for plant growth.

Water on the surface of Mars exists in the form of ice in the Arctic and the South There is also some ice in the Martian crust rocks in addition to a small percentage of water vapor in the atmosphere of the planet Mars, but no liquid water on Mars at all and the reason of existence The water on Mars is frozen to a very low temperature.