Homo erectus is closely related to Indonesia, since the first findings of fossils of this species occur in Indonesia. Discovered by the Dutch anatomist Eugene Dubois in 1891, in Trinil and later also found in Sangiran. Originally named Pithecanthropus erectus (literally meaning ape man walking upright), because he found the morphology of his findings to be between humans and apes. Later it is known that this 'Java Man' turned out to be the same species as Peking Man, and then called Homo erectus.

Erectus is estimated to live from 1.8 million years ago to about 70,000 years ago, and may be extinct due to the eruption of Toba's supervolcano (which also caused the extinction of most other hominid species, and besides leaving several thousand sapiens, also left Homo erectus soloensis (sub more erectus species than any other erectus) and Homo floresiensis.

Erectus is characterized by a prominent jaw with a large molar, with no chin, a thick, protruding temple, and a pronounced lower skull. Brain volume ranges from 750 to 1225 cc. Their bones are stronger than modern humans, showing their physical strength. They are also alleged to have used fire and used more advanced tools than habilis.

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