Hello dear steemian, today i will share you a chemical compound of a gemstone to disclose people think scientifically.

^{Source :}^{mineralminers}

Some people believe the ruby pomegranate has supernatural power or magic power that benefit them,
so they praised this agate as though a "Gods". So that their minds are overt I will explain scientifically the component of this agate and light reflection laws. Red pomegranate commonly known as "Ruby" or a red gemstone that has color vary from pink to red blood and it is one of corundum minerals, the red color in ruby due to chromium (Cr) element, this gemstone includes 4 of luxury gemstone after diamond, emerald and sapphire. Ruby is the most stable pure α-alumina (Al2O3) corundum, where each 3 electrons leave aluminum ion to join regular octahedral group of six nearby O2 ions. In pure corundum, this branch produces all aluminum ions with very stable configuration of unpaired electrons.

What Does People Trust ?

^{Source :}^boombastis

Most societies believe that ruby can affect its wearer based on birthdays that are implemented in birth stars, here a little explain that gemstone said be as king gem is Ruby, the people of Indonesia named it the "Red Pomegranate". They determine the authenticity of the Red Stone by soaking the gem into water, then the water will be red and even the surrounding water. Even some people said the ruby used as an intermediary to get the ideals, predict fate or luck in business, or love of a woman, etc. They assume, the ruby gems that emit the light can give them an advantage, because the gemstone that has light is the original gem. and it sprice reach ten of thouseand dollar.

Explain of Ruby Light Emit

^{Source :}^wikipedia

Distortion of O2 octahedral ion and energy levels of different orbital of Cr3+ ion will change it color to O2 ion, this difference energy corresponds to ultraviolet absorption in purple, and yellow-green spectrum. Pay attention, the ruby transmittance in IR spectra, two absorption broad of purple and yellow-green bands and one narrow absorption band at 694 nm wavelength, this is the wavelength of ruby laser. If 1% of aluminum ion (Al2) replaced by chromium (Cr3+) in ruby, the yellow green absorption produces red color in the gem. And also, the absorption of one wavelength beside stimulating of neon emission with red light of 694-nanometer wavelength that adds red color, After absorbing short waves in short time intervals, the ruby crystals excited prior to fluorescence. If 694 nanometer photons pass through crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in phase with them, Thereby reinforcing the red light intensity. Alternatively, by interrupt the mirror to release light emit repeatedly through the crystal, ruby lasers produce very high coherent light intensity, all natural rubies have no imperfections inside, including impurities color and silk (inclusions of rutile needles), the silk used to distinguish natural rubies and synthetic ruby.

Law of Light Transmision

^{Source :}^undip.ac.id

The Light waves pound the transparent surface medium commonly will be reflected partially and transmitted partially to second material. The event of light reflection on some medium often causing comfort disorders for the eyes, Knowing that unpolarized light can be polarized by reflecting partly or all of it, the development of optical technology addresses the problem. The ratio of reflected light intensity to the incoming light is called reflectance (R), while the ratio of light intensity which transmitted with coming light is called transmittance (T). Fresnel investigates and formulates an equation

Reflection coefficient and transmission coefficient produced by reflection and refraction

T = i_t/i₀

R = i_r/i₀

Where : i_t is the intensity of light after going through material and i₀ is the intensity of the beam prior to the material. Reflectance (R) is defined as the ratio between intensities reflectance with source intensity.

How Does Ruby Synthesized ?

^{lovieartjewelry}

The methods used to produce rubies have their advantages and disadvantages. The most popular method is liquefaction production, where the powder material heated into liquid phase and manipulated to strengthen the crystalline form then production of solution where oxide required is aluminum and chromium to dissolve in another material and manipulated to precipitate into a crystalline form. A fine powder of aluminum (Al₂) and chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) are placed in the carriage at top of Verneuil apparatus and a hammer above apparatus attacks the hopper repeatedly, each stroke causing a small amount of powder to fall through fine mesh that forms floor of carriage, after powder depleted into an oxygen stream that carries down to nozzle, where the powder mix with the ignited hydrogen stream. The intense flame heating about 2,000°C melts, the nutrients fall into ceramic tile under fire. The tap hammer rate is 80 beats per minute, once the base crystal was formed, the figure decreases about 20 beats per minute. Once the base built with diameter about 0.8 inches and produce high quality crystal , the base lowered on the upper of crystal level with flame contact. After a few hours, the crystal reaches length about 70 mm, the gas stream stopped and the fire extinguished. The formed crystals are allowed to be cool down in closed furnace. Chemically we can formulated as :

Cr₂O₃ + Al₂ => Al₂O₃ + 2Cr

Where Al₂O₃ is Alumina and Cr is byproduct and impurities in alumina solution.

Calculation of Alumina forming

Mol Al = 54/27 = 2 mol.

Mol Cr₂O₃ = 228/(104+48) = 1,5 mol.

Massa Al₂O₃ ➡ 1 mol = massa/(54+48) | Massa = 102 gram.

Massa Cr ➡ 2 mol = massa/52 | Massa=52 x 2 = 104 gram

The elevation of Cr concentration in alumina (Al₂O₃) can make the gem color be red blood, so the impurities (Cr) is determine ruby color.

Conclusion

Actually, Red Pomegranate or Ruby is a jewelry, and this gemstone is not a rare stone because it can be synthesized with alluminium, if this gem has a high price up tens of thousands dollars, chromium oxide and aluminium in the lab must also be expensive because they were raw material. 2 moles of Al₂ and 1.5 mole Cr₂O₃ can produce 104 grams of Al₂O₃. The emit light of ruby due to replacing of aluminium ion by chromium, so it can absorb the photon pass short interval time and it excited prior to fluorescence.

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